Mặc dù cùng được sử dụng để nói về những điều không có thật hoặc sự hối tiếc, nhưng Wish, If only và Should have lại mang những sắc thái biểu cảm và quy tắc chia thì khác biệt:
-
“nuối tiếc ở hiện tại” → wish + V2 → bày tỏ cảm xúc,
-
“hối hận ở quá khứ” → wish + had + V3 → đánh giá hành động,
-
“đáng lẽ phải làm”→ should (not) have + V3 → hay rút kinh nghiệm cho bản thân.
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Tổng hợp về Wish, If only, Should have
Wish
Cấu trúc Wish
| DẠNG |
CẤU TRÚC |
|
| Ước hiện tại khác đi |
wish + V2/ed
(were dùng cho mọi ngôi)
Diễn tả hiện tại không đúng như mong muốn, nhưng không thể thay đổi ngay.
- Dấu hiệu: Không có tiền, không giỏi, không có điều kiện…
|
- I wish I were richer. → Tôi tiếc vì hiện tại mình không giàu hơn.
- I wish I had more time. → Tôi tiếc vì bây giờ không có nhiều thời gian.
- She wishes she were better at English. → Cô ấy tiếc vì hiện tại mình không giỏi tiếng Anh.
|
| Muốn người khác thay đổi hành vi |
wish + someone + would + V
Khi người nói khó chịu, muốn ai đó thay đổi hành động, hành vi trong tương lai
- Dấu hiệu: stop doing, start doing, change a behavior…
|
- I wish he would stop talking so loudly. → Tôi ước gì anh ấy ngừng nói ồn ào.
- I wish they would listen to me. → Tôi ước gì họ chịu nghe tôi.
- She wishes her brother would study more seriously. → Cô ấy ước em trai mình học hành nghiêm túc hơn.
|
| Hối tiếc chuyện đã qua |
wish + had + V3
Việc đã xảy ra rồi và không thể sửa, cảm thấy tiếc nuối quá khứ
- Dấu hiệu: yesterday, last week/year, before…
|
- I wish I had studied harder last year. → Tôi hối hận vì năm ngoái đã không học chăm hơn.
- She wishes she had told the truth yesterday. → Cô ấy hối hận vì hôm qua đã không nói thật.
- We wish we had booked the tickets earlier. → Chúng tôi hối hận vì đã không đặt vé sớm hơn.
|
| Ân hận |
wish + never + had + V3
Khi tự trách cứ ở mức độ cao.
- Dấu hiệu: Quyết định sai, hậu quả lớn…
|
- I wish I had never said that. → Tôi ước gì mình chưa từng nói câu đó.
- He wishes he had never quit his old job. → Anh ấy ước gì mình chưa từng bỏ công việc cũ.
- She wishes she had never trusted him. → Cô ấy ước gì mình chưa từng tin anh ta.
|
Học xong lý thuyết, mình luyện bài tập tiếng Anh liền để nhớ lâu nha:
Mẹo làm bài WISH:
“Nhìn thì trong câu → lùi lại một thì”.
- Thì hiện tại → lùi lại wish + V2 (be → were)
- Thì quá khứ→ lùi lại wish + had V3 (chưa từng → had never V3)
- Người khác đổi thói quen → wish + would V
***Bài tập về Wish
Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng cho Wish
| 1. I wish I ___ more patient with people.
A. were B. am C. was D. will be |
2. She wishes her brother ___ stop wasting time.
A. will B. would C. should D. is |
3. I wish I ___ that message yesterday.
A. don’t send B. didn’t send C. hadn’t sent D. won’t send
|
| 4. He wishes he ___ speak English more confidently now.
A. will B. can C. could D. is |
5. We wish the children ___ making so much noise.
A. stop B. stopped C. would stop D. stop to |
6. She wishes she ___ harder last semester.
A. studies B. studied C. would study D. had studied
|
| 7. I wish I ___ so afraid of public speaking.
A. am not B. weren’t C. wasn’t D. won’t be |
8. He wishes his coworkers ___ more cooperative.
A. are B. were C. will be D. would be |
9. They wish they ___ earlier for the interview.
A. leave B. left C. had left D. would leave
|
| 10. I wish I had never ___ that careless decision.
A. make B. making C. made D. makes |
11. She wishes her parents ___ so strict with her.
A. aren’t B. weren’t C. won’t be D. wouldn’t be |
12. We wish our neighbors ___ move away soon.
A. will B. should C. would D. are
|
| 13. I wish I ___ more attention to his advice back then.
A. don’t pay B. didn’t pay C. wouldn’t pay D. had paid |
14. He wishes he had never ___ so much money on that project.
A. spending B. spent C. spend D. spends |
15. She wishes her best friend ___ lie to her like that.
A. doesn’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. wouldn’t
|
Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai của Wish
| 1. I wish I am taller so I could reach that shelf. |
2. She wishes her son studies more seriously. |
3. I wish I don’t forget his birthday last week.
|
| 4. He wishes he is more confident when speaking English. |
5. We wish the teacher will explain that lesson again. |
6. She wishes she didn’t miss the train yesterday.
|
| 7. I wish I have more free time these days. |
8. He wishes his friends help him more with his project. |
9. They wish they leave earlier for the airport last night.
|
| 10. I wish I had never make that promise. |
11. She wishes her parents are less strict with her. |
12. We wish our neighbors move out soon.
|
| 13. I wish I listen more carefully to his advice yesterday. |
14. He wishes he had never quitting his old job. |
15. She wishes her brother don’t lie to her anymore.
|
Bài 3: Chia động từ
| 1. I wish I ____ more confident when speaking English. |
2. She wishes her brother ____ stop playing games all day. |
3. I wish I ____ the truth yesterday.
|
| 4. He wishes he ____ taller so he could play basketball better. |
5. We wish the neighbors ____ making so much noise at night. |
6. She wishes she ____ harder for the exam last week.
|
| 7. I wish I ____ so shy in front of crowds. |
8. He wishes his coworkers ____ more supportive at work. |
9. They wish they ____ earlier for the meeting.
|
| 10. I wish I had never ____ that stupid mistake. |
11. She wishes her parents ____ so strict with her. |
12. We wish our teacher ____ explain the lesson more clearly.
|
| 13. I wish I ____ more attention to his advice back then. |
14. He wishes he had never ____ his old job. |
15. She wishes her best friend ____ lie to her again.
|
***Đáp án bài tập Wish
Bài 1 Chọn đáp án đúng cho Wish
| 1. A → wish + V2 → hiện tại giả định → were |
2. B → wish + someone + would + V → mong người khác đổi hành vi |
3. C → yesterday → hối tiếc quá khứ → wish + had + V3
|
| 4. C → wish + V2 → năng lực hiện tại giả định → could |
5. C → mong người khác ngừng ồn → would stop |
6. D → mốc quá khứ last semester → had studied
|
| 7. B → wish + V2 → trạng thái hiện tại giả định → weren’t |
8. B → wish + V2 → tính từ giả định hiện tại → were |
9. C → earlier + ngữ cảnh quá khứ → had left
|
| 10. C → had never + V3 → made |
11. B → wish + V2 → giả định hiện tại → weren’t |
12. C → mong người khác thay đổi trong tương lai → would
|
| 13. D → back then → quá khứ → had paid |
14. B → had never + V3 → spent |
15. D → mong người khác không làm hành vi đó nữa → wouldn’t
|
Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai của Wish
| 1. am → were → wish + past (hiện tại giả định) |
2. studies → would study → wish + someone + would |
3. don’t forget → hadn’t forgotten → Có last week → wish + had + V3
|
| 4. is → were → Sau wish dùng were cho mọi ngôi |
5. will explain → would explain → wish không đi với will |
6. didn’t miss → hadn’t missed → yesterday → hối tiếc quá khứ
|
| 7. have → had → Tiếc hiện tại → wish + V2 |
8. help → would help → Mong người khác thay đổi hành vi |
9. leave → had left → last night → bắt buộc had + V3
|
| 10. make → made → had never + V3 |
11. are → weren’t → Giả định hiện tại → were |
12. move → would move → wish + someone + would
|
| 13. listen → had listened → Có yesterday → dùng had + V3 |
14. quitting → quit → Sau had never dùng V3, không dùng V-ing |
15. don’t lie → wouldn’t lie → Mong người khác đổi hành vi tương lai
|
Bài 3
| 1. were |
2. would |
3. had told |
| 4. were |
5. would stop |
6. had studied |
| 7. weren’t |
8. were |
9. had left |
| 10. made |
11. weren’t |
12. would |
| 13. had paid |
14. quit |
15. wouldn’t |
If only, Should have
Cấu trúc If only - Should have
| CẤU TRÚC |
VAI TRÒ |
VÍ DỤ |
- if only + V2
- if only + had + V3
|
Thay cho wish để nhấn mạnh cảm xúc |
If only I were taller. → Giá mà tôi cao hơn.
- If only I weren’t so tall. → Giá mà tôi không cao như vậy.
- If only I were taller, would my life be easier? → Giá mà tôi cao hơn thì cuộc sống có dễ dàng hơn không?
If only I had listened to my father. → Giá mà tôi đã nghe lời ba.
- If only I hadn’t listened to my father. → Giá mà tôi đã không nghe lời ba.
- If only I had listened to my father, would I have failed like this?→ Giá mà tôi đã nghe lời ba, liệu tôi có thất bại như thế này không?
|
- should have + V3
- shouldn’t have + V3
|
Đánh giá hành động sau khi sự việc đã xảy ra -> Việc đó nên làm (Phán xét, rút kinh nghiệm)
Đánh giá rằng hành động đó là sai -> Việc đó không nên làm (Phê bình, tự trách) |
I should have studied harder. → Đáng lẽ tôi nên học chăm hơn.
- Should I have studied harder? → Đáng lẽ tôi nên học chăm hơn sao?
I shouldn’t have said that. → Đáng lẽ tôi không nên nói câu đó.
- Shouldn’t I have said that? → Đáng lẽ tôi không nên nói câu đó sao?
|
Muốn nhớ lâu thì đừng bỏ qua phần bài tập. Cùng luyện tiếng Anh với tụi mình nhé:
Mẹo làm bài:
- IF ONLY = WISH nhưng “đau” hơn:
- Thì hiện tại → lùi lại If only + V2 (be → were)
- Thì quá khứ→ lùi lại If only + had V3
- SHOULD HAVE = “đáng lẽ” nhưng đã trễ rồi: should have + V3
***Bài tập If only, Should have
Bài 1: Chia động từ
| 1. If only I ___ more confident.
A. am B. was C. were D. will be |
2. If only she ___ to me yesterday.
A. listens B. listened C. had listened D. would listen |
3. I should have ___ harder last semester.
A. study B. studied C. studying D. studies
|
| 4. If only we ___ richer now.
A. are B. were C. have been D. will be |
5. He shouldn’t have ___ that secret.
A. told B. tells C. telling D. tell |
6. If only they had ___ earlier.
A. leave B. left C. leaving D. leaves
|
| 7. I should have ___ her the truth.
A. tell B. told C. telling D. tells |
8. If only my parents ___ so strict.
A. aren’t B. weren’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t |
9. She shouldn’t have ___ him like that.
A. treat B. treating C. treated D. treats
|
| 10. If only I had ___ his advice.
A. follow B. follows C. followed D. following |
11. I should have ___ more careful.
A. be B. been C. being D. am |
12. They shouldn’t have ___ so much money.
A. spend B. spends C. spending D. spent
|
| 13. If only she ___ taller.
A. is B. was C. were D. will be |
14. He should have ___ earlier.
A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. arriving |
15. If only I had never ___ that promise.
A. make B. made C. making D. makes
|
Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai của If only, Should have
| 1. If only I am taller, I could join the team. |
2. She should have study harder for the test. |
3. If only he had listen to his parents. |
| 4. We shouldn’t have spend so much money yesterday. |
5. If only they are more careful now. |
6. I should have went home earlier. |
| 7. If only she had told me the truth earlier, things would be different. |
8. He shouldn’t have say that to his boss. |
9. If only my friends was here with me. |
| 10. I should have being more patient with her. |
11. If only I have more time right now. |
12. They shouldn’t have break the rules like that. |
| 13. If only he had been more careful, the accident wouldn’t have happened. |
14. She should have choose a different major. |
15. If only we didn’t wasted so much time yesterday. |
Bài 3: Tự điền đáp án
| 1. If only I ____ more confident in meetings. |
2. She should have ____ the manager earlier. |
3. If only they had ____ the warning seriously.
|
| 4. I shouldn’t have ____ that comment online. |
5. If only he ____ more responsible now. |
6. We should have ____ a backup plan.
|
| 7. If only my parents ____ less strict with me. |
8. He shouldn’t have ____ his temper yesterday. |
9. If only I had ____ harder for that test.
|
| 10. She should have ____ the contract more carefully. |
11. If only we ____ closer to the office. |
12. They shouldn’t have ____ the rules like that.
|
| 13. If only I had ____ your advice earlier. |
14. He should have ____ the truth from the start. |
15. If only she ____ more patient with customers.
|
***Đáp án
Bài 1
| 1. C → If only + V2 → giả định hiện tại → were dùng cho mọi chủ ngữ |
2. C → yesterday → hối tiếc quá khứ → had listened |
3. B → should have + V3 → studied |
| 4. B → if only + V2 → trạng thái hiện tại giả định → were |
5. A → shouldn’t have + V3 → told |
6. B → if only + had + V3 → left |
| 7. B → should have + V3 → told |
8. B → if only + V2 → giả định hiện tại → weren’t |
9. C → shouldn’t have + V3 → treated |
| 10. C → had + V3 → followed |
11. B → should have + been → đánh giá trạng thái → been |
12. D → shouldn’t have + V3 → spent |
| 13. C → if only + were → giả định hiện tại → were |
14. C → should have + V3 → arrived |
15. B → had never + V3 → made |
Bài 2
| 1. am → were → If only + V2 → giả định hiện tại → were cho mọi chủ ngữ |
2. study → studied → should have + V3 |
3. listen → listened → had + V3
|
| 4. spend → spent → shouldn’t have + V3 |
5. are → were → If only + V2 → hiện tại giả định |
6. went → gone → have + V3
|
| 7. told → ĐÚNG → If only + had + V3 + mệnh đề kết quả đúng cấu trúc |
8. say → said → shouldn’t have + V3 |
9. was → were → If only + V2 → were cho mọi chủ ngữ
|
| 10. being → been → should have + been |
11. have → had → If only + V2 (không dùng hiện tại) |
12. break → broken → have + V3
|
| 13. been → ĐÚNG → Cấu trúc chuẩn: If only + had been |
14. choose → chosen → have + V3 |
15. didn’t wasted → hadn’t wasted → If only + had + V3 (không dùng didn’t + V2)
|
Bài 3
| 1. were → If only + V2 → tiếc hiện tại |
2. called → should have + V3 |
3. taken → If only + had + V3
|
| 4. posted → shouldn’t have + V3 |
5. were → If only + V2 |
6. prepared → should have + V3
|
| 7. were → If only + V2 |
8. lost → shouldn’t have + V3 |
9. studied → had + V3 |
| 10. read → should have + V3 |
11. were → If only + V2 |
12. broken → shouldn’t have + V3
|
| 13. followed → had + V3 |
14. told → should have + V3 |
15. were → If only + V2 |